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| Public Choice Approach |
Public
choice approach is based on three major characteristics.
1.
Methodology-
a.
Methodological
Individualism- It emphasizes that group should not be
the unit of the analysis rather the individual should be the unit of analysis
i.e. as Olson says that the individual should be the one for whom the decision
is made and it should be the individual by whom the decision is made instead of
the group for whom the decision is being made or the group by which the
decision is made.
b.
Individual
is a rational man- Already discussed.
2. Individuals within the politics and
administration maximize their private interest in the name of public interest.
Thereby, the politicians are the vote-maximizers and the bureaucrats are the
budget-maximizers.
3. Public
Choice emphasizes on democratization and decentralization of organization and
organizational activities. Here, the public choice approach is referring to
institutional pluralism with overlapping jurisdiction or multiple institutions
providing same goods and services or competition. This gives rise to people
choice to choose or people’s choice to exit. This truly enhances the public
choice and makes the system more democratic. That is why; Public choice is
referred to as the economic theory of politics. It appears that the public
choice approach is vilifying the state and glorifying the private
organizations. But, this is not the actual view of the public choice approach.
It is not trying to glorify the market and not trying to vilify the state and
the public bureaucracy. This is because the public choice approach is only
trying to explain the premises which make an organization, a success or a
failure. It is trying to explain the premises which have made the private
organizations successful and the premises which have made bureaucracy, a
failure. If the premises which are appropriate are placed before the
bureaucracy, the bureaucracy will become successful and vice-versa.
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